This project visualizes the geographical distribution of the attendees of the First Council of Nicaea (AD 325) within the administrative structure of the Roman Empire.
The accompanying map details the Dioceses and Provinces as they existed in 325 AD. Rather than plotting individual bishops, the map displays the total number of participants from each province (e.g., Hellespontus: 5, Palaestina Prima: 21, Hispania Baetica: 2).
This approach uniquely illustrates the demographic and political 'center of gravity' of the Christian world in the 4th century, showing the dense participation from regions like Aegyptus, Syria, and Asia Minor, versus the sparse attendance from the West.
The Nicaea 325 Attendee Database v1.09
The map is based on a comprehensive, open-source Google Sheet that provides the detailed data behind these numbers. This database is a dedicated research project meticulously compiled and cross-referenced from all major historical manuscript traditions (Greek, Latin, Syriac, Coptic, and Armenian).
This is more than just a list of names. The database provides a deep, multi-dimensional analysis of the council, including:
Theological Factions: Participants are categorized into their political and theological factions, such as the 'Pro-Nicene Party' (led by Athanasius and Hosius), the 'Eusebian Faction' (the Arian-sympathizing opposition), and the 'Moderate Majority' (the large, non-aligned group).
Participation Certainty: A scholarly assessment (Confirmed, Probable, Low, or Excluded) for each attendee, clarifying the historical status of figures like St. Nicholas of Myra (tradition-based) versus confirmed attendees.
Source Criticism: Identifies and excludes "ghost" names (like 'Verus of Arles') that are common copyist errors, with detailed notes explaining why.
Access the Data & Contribute
This research is a living document. Scholars, students, and researchers are highly encouraged to review the data and help refine it.
View the Source Sheet v1.09: [Click here to view the complete Google Sheet Database]
(Scholarly feedback, corrections, and suggestions can be added as comments directly in the document.)Download the Map v1.08: [Click here to download a high-resolution PDF of the map showing attendee density by province]
Grouping of participants according to Participation Certainty:
Confirmed 66
Highly Probable 88
Probable 112
Low 8
Excluded 89
Participation Certainty Legend
Confirmed: Externally confirmed by contemporary sources such as Athanasius.
Highly Probable: Attested in more than one independent manuscript tradition (e.g., Gk. & Lat.).
Probable: Attested in at least one primary manuscript tradition (e.g., Gk. 1 or Lat. 2).
Low: Attested only in uncertain variant lists, of questionable authenticity.
Excluded: Considered a scribal error, ghost recording, or double recording.
Theological Stance Legend
[PN] = The Pro-Nicene Party, [MM] = The Moderate Majority, [EF] = The Eusebian Faction, [SA] = The Strict Arian Faction, [MS] = Meletian Schism, [NV] = Novatianist (Pro-Nicene aligned), [PN-T] = Pro-Nicene (per Theodoret)
Roster Format
Name, Title of City, (Modern Location), Theological Stance, Source Reference, Participation Certainty, Note [Note ID]
Roster of the Attendees of the First Council of Nicaea (325 AD)
Dioecesis Aegypti
Aegyptus Herculea (4)
Antiochus, Bishop of Memphis, (Mit Rahina, near Cairo, Egypt), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 1
Dorotheus, Bishop of Pelusium, (Tell el-Farama, near Suez Canal, Egypt), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5, Syr. 3), Confirmed
Serapion, Bishop of Arsinoe, (Faiyum, Egypt), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), Highly Probable, Note 3
Tiberius, Bishop of Tanis, (San el-Hagar), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), Highly Probable, Note 4
Aegyptus Jovia (12)
Adelphius, Bishop of Onuphis, (Nisf Fiwayh, Gharbia Governorate, Egypt), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5, Syr. 3), Confirmed
Alexander, Archbishop of Alexandria, (Alexandria, Egypt), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Confirmed, Note 6
Arbaethion, Bishop of Pharbaithos, (Horbeit, Sharqia Governorate, Egypt), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), Highly Probable, Note 7
Arius, Presbyter of Alexandria, (Alexandria, Egypt), The Strict Arian Faction, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Confirmed, Note 8
Athanasius, Deacon of Alexandria, (Alexandria, Egypt), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Confirmed, Note 9
Athas, Bishop of Schedia (Chaireon), (Near Alexandria, Egypt), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), Highly Probable, Note 10
Gaius, Bishop of Thmuis, (Tell El-Timai, Egypt), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), Highly Probable
Harpocration, Bishop of Cynopolis, (El Kays, Egypt), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), Excluded, Note 12
Harpocration, Bishop of Naucratis, (Kom Gi'eif, Egypt), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), Highly Probable, Note 13
Philippus, Bishop of Panephysis, (Nile Delta region, Egypt), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5, Syr. 3), Confirmed
Philogonius, Bishop of Phthenegys, (Nile Delta region, Egypt), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), Highly Probable, Note 15
Sarapion, Bishop of Nikiû, (Zawyat Razin, Egypt), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), Highly Probable, Note 16
Libya Inferior (1)
Theonas, Bishop of Marmarica, (Coastal region, Libya/Egypt), The Strict Arian Faction, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Confirmed, Note 17
Libya Superior (6)
Dacius, Bishop of Berenice, (Benghazi, Libya), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed
Secundus, Bishop of Ptolemais, (Tolmeita, Libya), The Strict Arian Faction, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Confirmed, Note 19
Secundus, Bishop of Taucheira (Arsinoe), (Tocra, Libya), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 20
Sentianus, Bishop of Boreum, (), , Lequien, Cilt II, s. 635, Excluded, Note 21
Serapion, Bishop of Antipyrgus, (Tobruk, Libya), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 22
Zopyrus, Bishop of Barca, (Marj, Libya), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed
Thebais (8)
Achaeus, Bishop of Tentyra, (Dendera, Egypt), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), Highly Probable, Note 24
Ammon, Bishop of Diospolis Magna, (Thebes, Egypt), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5); Rufinus, Hist. Eccl. X.24 (“Ammonius Thebis”), Confirmed, Note 25
Melitius, Bishop of Lycopolis, (Asyut, Egypt), Meletian Schism, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Confirmed, Note 26
Paphnutius, Bishop of Upper Thebes, (Luxor region, Egypt), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Confirmed, Note 27
Plusian, Bishop of Lycopolis, (Asyut, Egypt), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), Highly Probable, Note 28
Potamon, Bishop of Heracleopolis, (Ihnasiyyah al-Madinah, Egypt), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Confirmed, Note 29
Tiberius, Bishop of Taphis, (Tafa, Egypt (submerged)), , , Excluded, Note 30
Tyrannus, Bishop of Antinoe, (Sheikh Ibada, Egypt), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Copt. 5), Highly Probable, Note 31
Dioecesis Africae
Africa Proconsularis (1)
Caecilianus, Bishop of Carthage, (Carthage, Tunisia), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 32
Dioecesis Asiana
Asia (9)
Apollonius, Bishop of Cyme, (near Aliağa, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 33
Eusebius, Bishop of Magnesia on the Maeander, (near Germencik, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Eutychius, Bishop of Smyrna, (İzmir, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Heraclius, Bishop of Tralles, (Aydın, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Menophantus, Bishop of Ephesus, (near Selçuk, Türkiye), The Eusebian Faction, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 37
Mithres, Bishop of Hypaepa, (Günlüce, near Ödemiş, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Mitrodotus, Bishop of Pergamum, (Bergama, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Paul, Bishop of Anaia, (Anya, near Kuşadası, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. variant), Excluded, Note 40
Theodotus, Bishop of Nysa, (Sultanhisar, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Caria (11)
Ammonius, Bishop of Aphrodisias, (near Karacasu, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 42
Eugenius, Bishop of Apollonia, (near Kemer, Muğla, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. variant), Excluded, Note 43
Eusebius, Bishop of Antioch ad Maeandrum, (near Kuyucak, Aydın, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. variant), Excluded, Note 44
Eusebius, Bishop of Miletus, (near Didim, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Eusebius, Bishop of Stratonicea, (Eskihisar, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Leontius, Bishop of Cibyra, (near Gölhisar, Burdur, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. variant), Excluded, Note 47
Letodorus, Bishop of Cibyra, (near Gölhisar, Burdur), , Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Spudasius, Bishop of Mylasa, (Milas, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Themistius, Bishop of Iasus, (Kıyıkışlacık, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Thyrsus, Bishop of Alabanda, (near Çine, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Zenon, Bishop of Bargylia, (near Boğaziçi, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Hellespontus (5)
Eutychius, Bishop of Poemanenum, (near Eski Manyas, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Hesychius, Bishop of Parium, (near Biga, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2), Highly Probable
Orion, Bishop of Ilium, (Troy, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 55
Parthenius, Bishop of Lampsacus, (Lapseki, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Theonas, Bishop of Cyzicus, (near Erdek, Türkiye), The Eusebian Faction, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 57
Insulae (7)
Diodorus, Bishop of Tenedos, (Bozcaada, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Eulalius, Bishop of Rhodus, (Rhodes, Greece), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 59
Euphrosynus, Bishop of Rhodes, (Rhodes, Greece), , (Gk. / Lat. variant), Excluded, Note 60
Heraclius, Bishop of Samos, (Samos, Greece), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Meliphron, Bishop of Cos, (Kos, Greece), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Strategius, Bishop of Lemnos, (Lemnos, Greece), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Tryphon, Bishop of Chios, (Chios, Greece), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Lycia et Pamphylia (14)
Aphrodisias, Bishop of Magydos, (near Antalya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Excluded, Note 65
Callinicus, Bishop of Perge, (Aksu, near Antalya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 66
Diotimus, Bishop of Limyra, (near Finike, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Domnus, Bishop of Aspendus, (near Serik, Antalya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 68
Eudemus, Bishop of Patara, (Gelemiş, near Kaş, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 69
Eugenius, Bishop of Etenna, (Sırtköy, near Manavgat, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Eugenius, Bishop of Side, (Side, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Heuresius, Bishop of Termessus, (near Antalya, Türkiye), , (Gk. variant), Excluded, Note 72
Nikolaos, Bishop of Myra, (Demre, Türkiye), , Gelzer (Gk. 2, Gk. 3); Theodorus Lector, Low, Note 73
Patricius, Bishop of Maximianopolis, (near Kemer, Antalya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Excluded, Note 74
Quintianus, Bishop of Seleucia (Pamphylia), (near Manavgat, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. variant), Excluded, Note 75
Quintus, Bishop of Attaleia, (Antalya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Zenon, Bishop of Telmessos, (Fethiye, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Zeuxius, Bishop of Lyrbe, (near Manavgat, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Excluded, Note 78
Lydia (12)
Agogius, Bishop of Tripolis (on the Maeander), (Yenicekent, Buldan, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 79
Antiochus, Bishop of Aureliopolis (Tmolos), (Salihli, Manisa, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. variant), Excluded, Note 80
Antiochus, Bishop of Hierokaisareia, (near Akhisar, Manisa, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. variant), Excluded, Note 81
Artemidorus, Bishop of Sardis, (Sart, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 82
Cyrus, Bishop of Philadelphia, (Alaşehir, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Florentius, Bishop of Ancyra Sidera, (near Demirci, Manisa, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 84
Hetoemasius, Bishop of Philadelphia, (Alaşehir, Türkiye), , (Gk. variant), Excluded, Note 85
Marcus, Bishop of Silandus, (Selendi, Manisa, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Syr. 3, Lat. 17), Highly Probable, Note 86
Mark, Bishop of Standus, (Selendi, Manisa, Türkiye), , (Gk. variant / Corruption), Excluded, Note 87
Pollio, Bishop of Perperene, (near Bergama, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Syr. 3, Lat. 17), Highly Probable, Note 88
Pollion, Bishop of Baris, (...), , (Conflation error), Excluded, Note 89
Seras, Bishop of Thyatira, (Akhisar, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 90
Phrygia Pacatiana (9)
Eugenius, Bishop of Eucarpia, (near Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 91
Flaccus, Bishop of Hierapolis, (Pamukkale, Türkiye), , (Gk. variant), Excluded, Note 92
Flaccus, Bishop of Sanaos, (near Uşak, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Excluded, Note 93
Marcellinus, Bishop of Eumeneia, (Işıklı, Çivril, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 94
Nunechius, Bishop of Laodicea, (near Denizli, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 95
Paulinus, Bishop of Siblia, (Location uncertain, Phrygia), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Paulus, Bishop of Apamea Cibotus, (Dinar, Türkiye), Novatianist (Pro-Nicene aligned), Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 97
Philippus, Bishop of Hierapolis, (Pamukkale, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Pisticus, Bishop of Aezanoi, (Çavdarhisar, Kütahya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 99
Phrygia Salutaris (7)
Ablabius, Bishop of Dorylaeum, (Eskişehir, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Athenodorus, Bishop of Dorylaeum, (Eskişehir, Türkiye), , (Gk. variant), Excluded, Note 101
Atticus, Bishop of Synnada, (near Şuhut, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 102
Orion, Bishop of Cidyessus, (near Uşak, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 103
Pistus, Bishop of Otrous, (near Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Procopius, Bishop of Acmonia, (near Banaz, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Procopius, Bishop of Synnada, (...), , (Gk. / Lat. variant), Excluded, Note 106
Pisidia (18)
Academius, Bishop of Pappa, (Kocaaliler, Bucak, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 107
Apagamus, Bishop of Limenai, (near Yalvaç, Isparta, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Excluded, Note 108
Atticus, Bishop of Prostanna, (near Eğirdir, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Eugenius, Bishop of Sagalassos, (Ağlasun, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Eulalius, Bishop of Iconium, (Konya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 111
Eutychius, Bishop of Antioch, (Yalvaç, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Eutychius, Bishop of Seleucia, (near Isparta, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Granius, Bishop of Limenae, (near Yalvaç, Isparta), , (Gk. variant), Excluded, Note 114
Heraclius, Bishop of Baris, (Isparta, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Hesychius, Bishop of Neapolis, (Location uncertain, Pisidia), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Patricius, Bishop of Amblada, (Location uncertain, Pisidia), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Polybios, Bishop of Termessos, (near Antalya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Polycarp, Bishop of Metropolis, (near Uluborlu, Isparta, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 119
Polydectus, Bishop of Philomelium, (Akşehir, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Seleucus, Bishop of Sozopolis, (near Uluborlu, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Tarsicius, Bishop of Apamea, (Dinar, Afyonkarahisar), , (Gk. variant), Excluded, Note 122
Telemachus, Bishop of Hadrianopolis, (near Yalvaç, Isparta, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 123
Uranion, Bishop of Selge, (Altınkaya, Manavgat, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 124
Dioecesis Daciae
Dacia Mediterranea (1)
Protogenes, Bishop of Serdica, (Sofia, Bulgaria), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 125
Dardania (1)
Dacus, Bishop of Scupi, (Skopje, North Macedonia), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 126
Moesia Prima (1)
Dacius, Bishop of Viminacium, (Serbia), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2), Highly Probable
Dioecesis Galliarum
Gallia Lugdunensis Prima (2)
Leontius, Bishop of Lugdunum, (Lyon, France), The Moderate Majority, Mansi, vol. 2, Low, Note 128
Nicasius, Bishop of Divio, (Dijon, Gaul (France)), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Lat. 2), Probable, Note 129
Gallia Narbonensis (1)
Nicasius, Bishop of Dinia, (Digne-les-Bains, France), The Moderate Majority, Gallic Tradition; Gelzer (Lat. 2, Lat. 17), Probable, Note 130
Dioecesis Hispaniarum
Hispania Baetica (2)
Florentius, Bishop of Hispalis, (Seville, Spain), The Moderate Majority, Mansi, vol. 2, Low, Note 131
Hosius, Bishop of Corduba, (Córdoba, Spain), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Confirmed, Note 132
Dioecesis Italiciana
Aemilia et Liguria (1)
Eustorgius, Bishop of Mediolanum, (Milan, Italy), The Moderate Majority, Tradition / Late Latin Lists, Low, Note 133
Apulia et Calabria (1)
Marcus, Bishop of Calabria, (Italy), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 134
Urbs Roma (7)
Cornelius, Bishop of Rome of Rome, (Rome, Italy), (Anachronism), (Historical Anachronism), Excluded, Note 135
Dionysius, Bishop of Rome of Rome, (Rome, Italy), (Anachronism), (Historical Anachronism), Excluded, Note 136
Fabianus, Bishop of Rome of Rome, (Rome, Italy), (Anachronism), (Historical Anachronism), Excluded, Note 137
Hadrian, Pope of Rome of Rome, (Rome, Italy), (Anachronism), (Historical Anachronism), Excluded, Note 138 Miltiades, Bishop of Rome, (Rome, Italy), (Anachronism), (Historical Anachronism), Excluded, Note 139
Vincentius, Presbyter of Rome, (Rome, Italy), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Confirmed, Note 140
Vitus, Presbyter of Rome, (Rome, Italy), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Confirmed, Note 141
Venetia et Histria (1)
Ianuarius, Bishop of Aquileia, (Aquileia, Italy), , Codex Veronensis LX (58), Low, Note 142
Dioecesis Macedoniae
Achaia (3)
Festus, Bishop of Stategis, (Unknown location, Greece), The Moderate Majority, Latin Variant List (obscure), Excluded, Note 143
Marcus, Bishop of Boiai, (Neapoli Voion, Greece), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Lat. variant), Low, Note 144
Pistus, Bishop of Athenae, (Athens, Greece), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Epirus Vetus (1)
Apollodorus, Bishop of Corcyra (Kerkyra), (Corfu, Greece), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Lat. 17), Probable, Note 146
Macedonia (2)
Alexander, Bishop of Thessalonica, (Thessaloniki, Greece), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 147
Budius, Bishop of Stobi, (North Macedonia), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Thessalia (2)
Chionius, Bishop of Thebae Phthiotides, (Nea Anchialos, Greece), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. variant), Low, Note 149
Claudianus, Bishop of Larissa, (Larissa, Greece), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Dioecesis Orientis
Arabia Petraea (9)
Eustathius, Bishop of , (), , Gelzer (Lat. 17, disputed), Excluded, Note 151
Exaeretius, Bishop of Gerasa, (Jerash, Jordan), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1); Le Quien (OC III p. 707); PLRE I p. 833, Confirmed, Note 152
Gennadios, Bishop of Esbus, (Hisban, Jordan), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Kyrion, Bishop of Philadelphia, (Amman, Jordan), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Nikomakhos, Bishop of Bostra, (Busra, Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 155
Severus, Bishop of Sodoma, (Region south of the Dead Sea), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 156
Silvanus, Bishop of Gerasa, (Jerash, Jordan), , , Excluded, Note 157
Sopater, Bishop of Errhe of Batanea, (...), , (Non-primary variant), Excluded, Note 158
Sopatros, Bishop of Adraa, (Daraa, Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 159
Cilicia (17)
Amphion, Bishop of Epiphania, (Erzin (Hatay, Türkiye)), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Eudaemon, Chorepiscopus of Cilicia, (Rural region of Cilicia), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. variant), Excluded, Note 161
Hesychius, Bishop of Alexandria Minor, (İskenderun, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Hesychius, Bishop of Zephyrium, (Mersin, Türkiye), , Gelzer (Gk. variant), Excluded, Note 163
Macedonius, Bishop of Mopsuestia, (near Adana, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2), Highly Probable, Note 164
Marinus, Bishop of Castabala, (near Osmaniye, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 165
Maximinus, Bishop of Anazarbus, (near Adana, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 166
Moses, Bishop of Castabala, (near Osmaniye, Türkiye), , (Gelzer, Lat. variant), Excluded, Note 167
Narcissus, Bishop of Irenopolis, (near Düziçi, Türkiye), The Eusebian Faction, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 168
Nicetas, Bishop of Flavias, (Kozan, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 169
Paulinus, Bishop of Adana, (Adana, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 170
Paulus, Bishop of Aegae, (Yumurtalık, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 171
Sophronius, Bishop of Pompeiopolis, (near Mersin, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 172
Tarcodimantus, Bishop of Augusta, (Adana region, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 173
Tarcondimantus, Bishop of Aegae, (Yumurtalık, Türkiye), , (Non-primary variant / Conflation), Excluded, Note 174
Theodore, Bishop of Mopsuestia, (near Adana, Türkiye), (Anachronism), (Historical Anachronism), Excluded, Note 175
Theodorus, Bishop of Tarsus, (Tarsus, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 176
Cyprus (4)
Cyrillus, Bishop of Paphos, (Paphos, Cyprus), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Gelasius, Bishop of Salamis, (near Famagusta, Cyprus), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 178
Spyridon, Bishop of Trimithus, (Trimithounta, Cyprus), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Confirmed, Note 179
Tryphillius, Bishop of Ledra, (Nicosia, Cyprus), (Spurious), (Later Tradition / Anachronism), Excluded, Note 180
Isauria (24)
Aedesius, Bishop of Claudiopolis, (Mut, Mersin, Türkiye), , (Gk. / Lat. variant), Excluded, Note 181
Agapius, Bishop of Seleucia, (Silifke, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Anatolius, Bishop of (Unknown See), (...), , (Gk. / Lat. variant), Excluded, Note 183
Antonius, Bishop of Antiochia ad Cragum, (near Gazipaşa, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Lat. 17), Probable, Note 184
Aquilas, Bishop of (Unknown See), (...), , (Gk. / Lat. variant), Excluded, Note 185
Athenaeus, Bishop of Koropissos, (Dağpazarı, Mut, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Excluded, Note 186
Callistratus, Bishop of Claudiopolis, (Mut, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Cyril, Bishop of Humanada, (near Ermenek, Karaman), , (Gk. / Lat. variant), Excluded, Note 188
Cyrion, Bishop of Olba, (Uzuncaburç, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Copt. 5), Probable, Note 189
Eusebius, Bishop of Iotape, (near Alanya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Copt. 5), Probable, Note 190
Faustus, Bishop of Panemotichus, (near Ermenek, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 191
Gordianus, Bishop of (Unknown See), (...), , (Gk. / Lat. variant), Excluded, Note 192
Hesychius, Bishop of (Unknown See), (...), , (Gk. variant), Excluded, Note 193
Hesychius, Bishop of Lystra, (near Konya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 194
Nestor, Bishop of Syedra, (near Alanya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Paul, Bishop of Laranda, (Karaman, Türkiye), , (Gk. / Lat. variant), Excluded, Note 196
Quintus, Bishop of (Unknown See), (...), , (Gk. / Lat. variant), Excluded, Note 197
Silvanus, Bishop of Laranda, (Karaman, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 4), Highly Probable, Note 198
Silvanus, Bishop of Metropolis (Isauria), (near Hadim, Konya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 199
Stephanus, Bishop of Baratta, (Madenşehri, Karaman, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Excluded, Note 200
Stephanus, Bishop of Germanicopolis, (Ermenek, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Theodorus, Bishop of Vasada, (near Seydişehir, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Lat. 17), Probable, Note 202
Tiberius, Bishop of Ilistra, (...), , (Gk. / Lat. variant), Excluded, Note 203
Tyrannus, Bishop of Homonada, (near Ermenek, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Syr. 4), Probable, Note 204
Mesopotamia (3)
Antiochus, Bishop of Resaina, (Ra's al-'Ayn, Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Syr. 3), Probable, Note 205
Basilius, Bishop of Amida, (Diyarbakır, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 4), Highly Probable, Note 206
Jacob, Bishop of Nisibis, (Nusaybin, Türkiye), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Armenian Tradition, Confirmed, Note 207
Osroene (5)
Abrahamius, Bishop of Carrhae, (Harran, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Syr. 4), Probable
Absalom, Bishop of Batnae, (Suruç, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Syr. 4), Probable, Note 209
Eulogius, Bishop of Edessa, (Şanlıurfa, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3, Lat.2), Armenian Tradition, Confirmed, Note 210
Hypatius, Bishop of Tella, (Viranşehir, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 211
Mara, Bishop of Macedonopolis, (Location uncertain, Osroene region (near Nusaybin, Türkiye)), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Syr. 4), Probable, Note 212
Palaestina (25)
Aetius, Bishop of Lydda, (Lod, Israel), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Antiochus, Bishop of Capitolias, (Jordan), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Asclepias, Bishop of Gaza, (Gaza), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 1); Le Quien (OC III p. 654), Confirmed, Note 215
Eulogius, Bishop of Gaba, (near Haifa, Israel), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Eusebius, Bishop of Caesarea, (Caesarea, Israel), The Eusebian Faction, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Confirmed, Note 217
Gaianus, Bishop of Sebaste, (Samaria), , , Excluded, Note 218
Gajanus, Bishop of Jericho, (Jericho), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Germanus, Bishop of Neapolis, (Nablus), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Heliodorus, Bishop of Zabulon, (Galilee, Israel), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Ianuarius, Bishop of Azotus, (Ashdod, Israel), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Macarius, Bishop of Aelia Capitolina, (Jerusalem), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Confirmed, Note 223
Macrinus, Bishop of Jamnia, (Yavne, Israel), , , Excluded, Note 224
Marinus, Bishop of Diocaesarea, (Sepphoris, Israel), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 225
Marinus, Bishop of Sebaste, (Samaria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 226
Maximus, Bishop of Eleutheropolis, (Beit Guvrin, Israel), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed
Patrophilus, Bishop of Scythopolis, (Beit She'an, Israel), The Eusebian Faction, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 228
Paulinus, Bishop of Maximianopolis, (Near Megiddo, Israel), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Petrus, Bishop of Aila, (Eilat/Aqaba (Israel/Jordan)), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2), Highly Probable, Note 230
Petrus, Bishop of Ascalon, (Ashkelon, Israel), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 231
Petrus, Bishop of Jamnia, (Yavne, Israel), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 232
Petrus, Bishop of Nicopolis, (Emmaus), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 233
Philocalus, Bishop of Ptolemais, (Akko, Israel), The Moderate Majority, (Corrupt variant reading), Excluded, Note 234
Sabinus, Bishop of Gadara, (Umm Qais, Jordan), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 235
Silvanus, Bishop of Gaza, (Gaza), , Gelzer (Syr. 3), Excluded, Note 236
Zebennus, Bishop of Sozusa, (Jordan), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Phoenicia (14)
Aeneas, Bishop of Ptolemais, (Acre (Akka), Israel), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 1); Le Quien (OC III p. 750); PLRE I p. 46, Confirmed, Note 238
Anatolius, Bishop of Emesa, (Homs, Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Eustathius, Bishop of Aradus, (Arwad, Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 240
Gregorius, Bishop of Berytus, (Beirut, Lebanon), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Hellanicus, Bishop of Tripolis, (Tripoli, Lebanon), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Joseph, Bishop of Heliopolis, (Baalbek, Lebanon), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Magnus, Bishop of Damascus, (Damascus, Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed
Marinus, Bishop of Palmyra, (Palmyra, Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Marinus, Bishop of Paneas, (Banias, Golan Heights), , Gelzer (Gk. 1), Excluded
Paulinus, Bishop of Tyrus, (Tyre, Lebanon), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 247
Philocalus, Bishop of Paneas, (Banias, Israel/Lebanon border), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 1); Le Quien (OC III p. 735), Confirmed, Note 248
Salamanes, Bishop of Orthosias, (Lebanon), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Thalassius, Bishop of Alala, ((Uncertain, Syria/Lebanon border)), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 250
Theodorus, Bishop of Sidon, (Sidon, Lebanon), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Syria Coele (34)
Aedesius, Bishop of (Unknown See), (Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Syr. 3), Excluded, Note 252
Alphius, Bishop of Apamea, (Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 253
Anatolius, Bishop of Beroea, (Aleppo, Syria), The Moderate Majority, Michael the Syrian, Chronicle (cf. Gelzer Syr. 3), Probable, Note 254
Antiochus, Bishop of Sergiopolis, (Resafa, Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Syr. 3), Probable
Antiochus, Bishop of Sura, (Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Syr. 3), Probable
Antonius, Bishop of Barbalissus, (Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Syr. 3), Probable
Archelaus, Bishop of Doliche, (near Gaziantep, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Bassianus, Bishop of Raphanea, (Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Bassus, Bishop of Gabula, (Jableh, Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Excluded, Note 260
Bassus, Bishop of Zeugma, (near Gaziantep, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 261
Cymatius, Bishop of Paltus, (Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Ethmasius, Bishop of Cyrrhus, (near Kilis, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 263
Euphratius, Bishop of Balanea, (Syria), , , Excluded, Note 264
Eusebius, Bishop of Balanea, (Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Eustathius, Archbishop of Antioch, (Antakya, Türkiye), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Armenian Tradition, Confirmed, Note 266
Eustathius, Bishop of Arethusa, (), , (Gk. variant / Lat. variant), Excluded, Note 267
Gerontius, Bishop of Larissa, (Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Helladius, Bishop of Antaradus, (Tartus, Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Manicius, Bishop of Epiphania, (Hama, Syria), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 270
Manucius, Bishop of Europos, (Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Syr. 3), Excluded
Paladius, Chorepiscopus of Syria, (Rural region of Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. variant), Excluded, Note 272
Paulus, Bishop of Neocaesarea, (Syria), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 273
Pegasius, Bishop of Harba-Kedem, (...), , (Non-primary variant), Excluded, Note 274
Petrus, Bishop of Gindarus, (Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Phaedon, Bishop of Samosata, (near Samsat, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 276
Philoxenus, Bishop of Hierapolis, (Manbij, Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Piperius, Bishop of Samosata, (near Samsat, Türkiye), , , Excluded, Note 278
Salamanes, Bishop of Germanicia, (Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Seleucus, Chorepiscopus of Syria, (Rural region of Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. variant), Excluded, Note 280
Syricius, Bishop of Cyrrhus, (near Kilis, Türkiye), , (Non-primary variant), Excluded, Note 281
Theodotus, Bishop of Laodicea, (Latakia, Syria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed
Theodotus, Chorepiscopus of Syria, (Rural region of Syria), , Gelzer (Gk. variant), Excluded, Note 283
Zenobius, Bishop of Seleucia Pieria, (Samandağ, Türkiye), , , Excluded, Note 284
Zoilus, Bishop of Seleucia Pieria, (Samandağ, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 285
Dioecesis Pannoniarum
Pannonia Secunda (1)
Domnus, Bishop of Sirmium, (Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Lat. 2); Athanasius, Confirmed, Note 286
Dioecesis Pontica
Armenia Minor (8)
Acacius, Bishop of Melitene, (Malatya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Domnus, Bishop of Nicopolis, (near Koyulhisar, Sivas, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Erythrius, Bishop of Colonia, (Şebinkarahisar, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Eudromius, Bishop of (Unknown See), (...), , (Gk. variant / Lat. variant), Excluded, Note 290
Eulalius, Bishop of Sebasteia, (Sivas, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 291
Eutychianus, Bishop of Satala, (Sadak, Gümüşhane, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Meletius, Bishop of (Unknown See), (...), (Spurious), (Anachronistic Conflation), Excluded, Note 293
Theophanes, Bishop of (Unknown See), (...), , (Gk. variant / Lat. variant), Excluded, Note 294
Bithynia (17)
Alexander, Bishop of Prusa, (Bursa, Turkey), The Moderate Majority, Michael the Syrian, Chronicle, bkz. ed. Chabot, t. II, p. 233–236, Probable, Note 295
Cyrion, Bishop of Cius, (Gemlik, Türkiye), (Spurious), (Gk. / Lat. variant), Excluded, Note 296
Euethius, Bishop of Hadrianeia, (Orhaneli, Bursa, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 297
Eulalius, Bishop of (Unknown See), (...), (Spurious), (Gk. / Lat. variant), Excluded, Note 298
Eulalius, Bishop of Apamea Myrlea, (Mudanya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 299
Eusebius, Bishop of Nicomedia, (İzmit, Türkiye), The Eusebian Faction, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Confirmed, Note 300
George, Bishop of Prusias ad Hypium, (Konuralp, Düzce, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 301
Gorgonius, Bishop of Apollonias, (...), (Spurious), (Gk. 1 / Lat. 2 variant), Excluded, Note 302
Gorgonius, Chorepiscopus of Bithynia, (Rural region of Bithynia, Türkiye), The Eusebian Faction, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2), Highly Probable, Note 303
Hesychius, Bishop of Cius, (Gemlik, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 304
Hesychius, Bishop of Prusa, (Bursa, Türkiye), (Spurious), (Gk. variant / Conflation), Excluded, Note 305
Maris, Bishop of Chalcedon, (Kadıköy, Türkiye), The Eusebian Faction, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed
Rufus, Bishop of Kaisareia (Germanica), (Çayır, Bafra, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Excluded, Note 307
Theognis, Bishop of Nicaea, (İznik, Türkiye), The Eusebian Faction, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Confirmed, Note 308
Theophanes, Bishop of (Unknown See), (...), (Spurious), (Gk. / Lat. variant), Excluded, Note 309
Theophilus, Bishop of Hadrianopolis, (Bolu, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Cappadocia (9)
Ambrosius, Bishop of Comana, (Şar Village, Türkiye), , Gelzer (Lat. variant), Excluded, Note 311
Elpidius, Bishop of Comana, (Şar Village, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 312
Eupsychius, Bishop of Garsaura, (Aksaray, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Eupsychius, Bishop of Tyana, (Kemerhisar, Türkiye), , (Gk. / Lat. variant), Excluded, Note 314
Eutychius, Bishop of Tyana, (Kemerhisar, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 315
Leontius, Bishop of Caesarea, (Kayseri, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Armenian Tradition, Confirmed, Note 316
Rhodon, Bishop of (Unknown See), (...), , (Gk. variant / Syr. variant), Excluded, Note 317
Stephen, Bishop of (Unknown See), (...), , (Gk. variant / Syr. variant), Excluded, Note 318
Timothy, Bishop of Cybistra, (Ereğli, Konya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 319
Galatia (8)
Demetrius, Bishop of Pessinus, (near Sivrihisar, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Dicaesius, Bishop of Tavium, (near Yozgat, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 321
Erechtheus, Bishop of Egdava, (Location uncertain, Galatia), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Syr. 3), Excluded, Note 322
Gorgonius, Bishop of Kinna, (Karahamzalı, Polatlı, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2), Highly Probable, Note 323
Marcellus, Bishop of Ancyra, (Ankara, Türkiye), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5), Confirmed, Note 324
Pancharius, Bishop of Ancyra, (Ankara, Türkiye), , (Gk. / Lat. variant), Excluded, Note 325
Petrus, Bishop of Aspona, (near Çayırhan, Ankara, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Philadelphus, Bishop of Juliopolis, (near Nallıhan, Ankara, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Helenopontus (4)
Elpidius, Bishop of Comana, (near Tokat, Türkiye), , (Gk. variant / Conflation), Excluded, Note 328
Eutychianus, Bishop of Amasea, (Amasya, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 329
Eutychius, Bishop of Comana Pontica, (near Tokat, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 330
Petrus, Bishop of Amisus, (Samsun, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Paphlagonia (4)
Eupsychius, Bishop of Amastris, (Amasra, Bartın, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 332
Hypatius, Bishop of Gangra, (Çankırı, Türkiye), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Armenian Tradition, Confirmed, Note 333
Petronius, Bishop of Ionopolis, (İnebolu, Kastamonu, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 334
Philadelphus, Bishop of Pompeiopolis, (Taşköprü, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 335
Pontus Polemoniacus (3)
Domnus, Bishop of Trapezus, (Trabzon, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Heraclius, Bishop of Zela, (Zile, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable
Longinus, Bishop of Neocaesarea, (Niksar, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 338
Dioecesis Thraciarum
Europa (8)
Alexander, Presbyter of Byzantium, (Istanbul, Türkiye), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2); Socrates Scholasticus, Hist. Eccl. I.8; Sozomen I.2; Theodoret I.7, Highly Probable, Note 339
Alexius, Bishop of Bizye, (Vize, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 340
Phaedrus, Bishop of Heraclea, (Marmara Ereğlisi, Türkiye), (Spurious), (Gk. / Lat. variant), Excluded, Note 341
Rufinus, Bishop of Byzantium, (Istanbul, Turkey), , Patrum Nicaenorum Nomina (late subscription lists; Gelzer–Hilgenfeld–Cuntz, 1898, pp. 239–240), Low, Note 342
Theodoret, Bishop of Heraclea, (Marmaraereğlisi, Türkiye), (Anachronism), (Historical Anachronism), Excluded, Note 343
Theodorus, Bishop of Heraclea (Perinthus), (Marmaraereğlisi, Türkiye), The Eusebian Faction, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 344
Theophilus, Bishop of Apri, (Kermeyan, Tekirdağ, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Timotheus, Bishop of Anchialus, (Pomorie, Bulgaria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2), Highly Probable
Haemimontus (1)
Eudoxius, Bishop of Hadrianopolis, (Edirne, Türkiye), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable, Note 347
Moesia Secunda (4)
Marcus, Bishop of Marcianopolis, (near Devnya, Bulgaria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2), Highly Probable, Note 348
Mark, Bishop of Tomis, (Constanța, Romania), (Spurious), (Gk. variant / Conflation), Excluded, Note 349
Pistus, Bishop of Marcianopolis, (...), (Spurious), (Gk. / Lat. variant), Excluded, Note 350
Protogenes, Bishop of Tomi, (Constanța, Romania), Pro-Nicene (per Theodoret), Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3); Theodoret, Hist. Eccl., Highly Probable, Note 351
Rhodope (2)
Apollonius, Bishop of Maximianopolis, (near Komotini, Greece), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Theodulus, Bishop of Trajanopolis, (Feres, Greece), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2), Highly Probable, Note 353
Thracia (3)
Aetius, Bishop of Debeltus, (Debelt, Bulgaria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Eutychius, Bishop of Augusta Traiana, (Stara Zagora, Bulgaria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1), Probable
Eutychius, Bishop of Philippopolis, (Plovdiv, Bulgaria), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2), Highly Probable, Note 356
Dioecesis Viennensis
Viennensis (1)
Verus, Bishop of Arelate, (Arles, France), , Confused Tradition, Excluded, Note 357
Outside Main Church
Bithynia (17)
Acesius, Bishop (Novatian) / Invited Participant of Byzantium, (Istanbul, Turkey), Novatianist (Pro-Nicene aligned), Socrates Scholasticus, Hist. Eccl. (I, 10), Confirmed, Note 358
Outside the Empire
Armenia Maior (1)
Aristakes, Bishop of Armenia, (Armenia), The Pro-Nicene Party, Armenian Tradition (Garitte); Syriac Traditions, Confirmed, Note 359
Bosporan Kingdom (1)
Kadmos, Bishop of Pantikapaion, (Kerch, Crimea), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 360
Persia and India Magna (1)
Ioannes, Bishop of Persia of Persian Gulf / India, (Iran and India), The Pro-Nicene Party, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Michael the Syrian, Chronique, bkz. Chabot ed., II.233, Armenian Nicene List (Garitte, Documents arméniens du concile de Nicée, 1967), Confirmed, Note 361
Pitsunda (1)
Stratophilus, Bishop of Pityunt, (Pitsunda, Georgia), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Syr. 3), Highly Probable, Note 362
Scythia / Gothia (1)
Theophilus, Bishop of the Goths of Area of the Gothia, (), The Moderate Majority, Gelzer (Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3), Confirmed, Note 363
Notes
Note 1 (Antiochus, Bishop of Memphis): This entry exemplifies the textual discrepancies between source lists. The primary Greek list (Gk. 1) names him 'Ioannes', while the Coptic and Syriac lists (Copt. 5, Syr. 3) name him 'Antiochus'. Back to Row 1
Note 3 (Serapion, Bishop of Arsinoe): It appears in Gelzer's Coptic list; the name Serapion is common in the Arsinoe/Faiyum region. Honigmann probably excluded this name due to the confusion between "Gaius/Serapion." Its inclusion is defensible. Back to Row 3
Note 4 (Tiberius, Bishop of Tanis): In some manuscript recensions (e.g., the Syriac and certain Coptic lists), this bishop is recorded as 'Tiberius of Taphis' (a town in Upper Egypt/Nubia). However, given the hierarchical prominence of Tanis in Lower Egypt and the close orthographic similarity of the names in Greek (Τάνεως vs. Τάφεως), the scholarly consensus holds that 'Taphis' is a scribal error and that 'Tanis' is the correct see (cf. the critical editions of Gelzer, Hilgenfeld, and Turner). Back to Row 4
Note 6 (Alexander, Archbishop of Alexandria): Leader of the Pro-Nicene party. Back to Row 6
Note 7 (Arbaethion, Bishop of Pharbaithos): Appears in both Greek and Coptic recensions of Gelzer’s Patrum Nicaenorum nomina. A local bishop under Alexandria. Not listed in Honigmann (1942). Back to Row 7
Note 8 (Arius, Presbyter of Alexandria): A presbyter whose teachings were the central issue of the council. His presence is documented in all major historical accounts and the acts associated with the attendee lists. Back to Row 8
Note 9 (Athanasius, Deacon of Alexandria): A deacon accompanying Archbishop Alexander. He was a leading opponent of Arianism at the council. His prominent role is documented in all major historical accounts, including his own writings. Back to Row 9
Note 10 (Athas, Bishop of Schedia (Chaireon)): Recorded in Gelzer’s Greek and Coptic lists. Possibly a small suffragan see near Alexandria; absent from Honigmann’s list. Back to Row 10
Note 12 (Harpocration, Bishop of Cynopolis): A conflict exists in the manuscript traditions. The Greek list (Gk. 1) identifies the see as Cynopolis, while the Coptic list (Copt. 5) identifies it as Naucratis. It is widely accepted that both references point to the same person, a single bishop. Back to Row 12
Note 13 (Harpocration, Bishop of Naucratis): The Coptic list (Copt. 5) identifies this see as Naucratis, which is generally considered the more probable reading given its Egyptian context. The main Greek list (Gk. 1) conversely lists the see as Cynopolis, which is likely a subsequent scribal error. It is widely accepted that both references point to the same person, a single bishop. Back to Row 13
Note 15 (Philogonius, Bishop of Phthenegys): Attestation is strong, appearing independently in both the primary Greek (Gk. 1) and Coptic (Copt. 5) manuscript traditions. Back to Row 15
Note 16 (Sarapion, Bishop of Nikiû): Attestation is strong, appearing independently in both the primary Greek (Gk. 1) and Coptic (Copt. 5) manuscript traditions. Back to Row 16
Note 17 (Theonas, Bishop of Marmarica): Refused to sign the Creed and was exiled with Arius. Back to Row 17
Note 19 (Secundus, Bishop of Ptolemais): Refused to sign the Creed and was exiled with Arius. Back to Row 19
Note 20 (Secundus, Bishop of Taucheira (Arsinoe)): Distinct from the Arian Secundus of Ptolemais. Present in multiple versions of Gelzer’s lists but omitted in later summaries. Back to Row 20
Note 21 (Sentianus, Bishop of Boreum): This name does not appear in the primary critical recensions of the Nicene attendees (e.g., Gelzer, Patrum Nicaenorum nomina). It is considered a spurious name or a textual corruption. Back to Row 21
Note 22 (Serapion, Bishop of Antipyrgus): Listed in the Libyan section of Gelzer’s Patrum Nicaenorum nomina. Represents the coastal see of Antipyrgus. Back to Row 22
Note 24 (Achaeus, Bishop of Tentyra): Attestation is strong, appearing independently in both the primary Greek (Gk. 1) and Coptic (Copt. 5) manuscript traditions. Back to Row 24
Note 25 (Ammon, Bishop of Diospolis Magna): He is known as the “Confessor.” This is confirmed by Rufinus and Sozomenos. Back to Row 25
Note 26 (Melitius, Bishop of Lycopolis): Leader of the Meletian Schism, a breakaway faction within the Egyptian church. Back to Row 26
Note 27 (Paphnutius, Bishop of Upper Thebes): A prominent "Confessor" and highly revered figure at the council. Back to Row 27
Note 28 (Plusian, Bishop of Lycopolis): The officially recognized (Catholic) bishop of Lycopolis, loyal to Alexandria. Holding the see in direct opposition to the schismatic Melitius, who was also present at the council. (Lycopolis = Siout = Asyut) Back to Row 28
Note 29 (Potamon, Bishop of Heracleopolis): A prominent "Confessor" (one who had suffered for the faith). Back to Row 29
Note 30 (Tiberius, Bishop of Taphis): Tiberius is already included in the list as Bishop of Tanis (Aegyptus Herculea). No independent evidence confirms the attendance of a separate bishop named Tiberius from Taphis. Back to Row 30
Note 31 (Tyrannus, Bishop of Antinoe): Appears in Gelzer’s Egyptian (Thebaid) entries; no mention in narrative sources. Typical representation of Thebaid sees. Back to Row 31
Note 32 (Caecilianus, Bishop of Carthage): Central figure in the Donatist Schism; his presence confirmed his legitimacy as the official Catholic bishop. Back to Row 32
Note 33 (Apollonius, Bishop of Cyme): Attested in the primary Greek list (Gk. 1). Lacks independent confirmation in other primary traditions (e.g., Syriac, Latin), thus classified as 'Probable' rather than 'Highly Probable'. Back to Row 33
Note 37 (Menophantus, Bishop of Ephesus): Metropolitan of the province. Back to Row 37
Note 40 (Paul, Bishop of Anaia): While attested in a Gk. variant, this entry is excluded by modern scholars (e.g., Honigmann) as a probable scribal error or a very weak attestation. Back to Row 40
Note 42 (Ammonius, Bishop of Aphrodisias): Metropolitan of the province. Back to Row 42
Note 43 (Eugenius, Bishop of Apollonia): Attested in a Gk. variant, but its omission from primary lists and potential for confusion with other bishops named Eugenius makes its inclusion doubtful. Back to Row 43
Note 44 (Eusebius, Bishop of Antioch ad Maeandrum): Appears in a Gk. variant, but this is often treated as a textual corruption or a conflation with another of the many bishops named Eusebius. Back to Row 44
Note 47 (Leontius, Bishop of Cibyra): This attestation (Gk. variant) is considered weak and is often omitted from modern critical reconstructions of the list. Back to Row 47
Note 55 (Orion, Bishop of Ilium): Not to be confused with Orion of Cidyessus. Back to Row 55
Note 57 (Theonas, Bishop of Cyzicus): Metropolitan of the province. Back to Row 57
Note 59 (Eulalius, Bishop of Rhodus): Metropolitan of the province. Back to Row 59
Note 60 (Euphrosynus, Bishop of Rhodes): Excluded. This is a recognized textual variant (variatio lectionis). The strongly attested Metropolitan for this see is Eulalius (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3). 'Euphrosynus' (or 'Euphranor') is a scribal corruption found in less reliable manuscripts. Back to Row 60
Note 65 (Aphrodisias, Bishop of Magydos): Appears in Gelzer (Gk. 1), but its absence in other traditions and the relative obscurity of the see make it a doubtful entry, possibly a later interpolation. Back to Row 65
Note 66 (Callinicus, Bishop of Perge): Metropolitan of Pamphylia. Back to Row 66
Note 68 (Domnus, Bishop of Aspendus): Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. Back to Row 68
Note 69 (Eudemus, Bishop of Patara): Metropolitan of Lycia. Back to Row 69
Note 72 (Heuresius, Bishop of Termessus): Excluded. This is a spurious variant. The critically accepted bishop for this see (Termessos, administratively in Pisidia) is Polybios (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1). Back to Row 72
Note 73 (Nikolaos, Bishop of Myra): Despite being the most famous name associated with the Council of 325, Nicholas of Myra's attendance is subject to severe scholarly doubt. The critical fact is that his name is absent from all of the earliest and most reliable primary manuscript traditions (e.g., Gelzer Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3, Copt. 5). His name only begins to appear in much later Greek lists (categorized by Gelzer as Gk. 2 / Gk. 3) derived from the 6th-century historian Theodorus Lector. This 200-year gap leads most historians (e.g., Honigmann) to conclude that this entry is not based on an authentic 325 document, but is a later legendary (hagiographical) interpolation based on the bishop's growing fame and sainthood. While his attendance (and the story of him striking Arius) is a powerful tradition, it lacks primary documentary evidence. Therefore, it is classified as 'Low' probability, attested only in questionable and secondary variant lists. Back to Row 73
Note 74 (Patricius, Bishop of Maximianopolis): Attested in Gelzer (Gk. 1), but often treated as a questionable entry or a potential misreading for another see. Back to Row 74
Note 75 (Quintianus, Bishop of Seleucia (Pamphylia)): Excluded. Likely a textual corruption or 'doublet' of Quintus of Attaleia, who is strongly attested in both Greek (Gk. 1) and Syriac (Syr. 3) lists. The names are similar and the sees are neighbouring. Back to Row 75
Note 78 (Zeuxius, Bishop of Lyrbe): Attested in Gelzer (Gk. 1), but its omission from other major traditions (Latin, Syriac) makes it a doubtful entry, (e.g. Honigmann). Back to Row 78
Note 79 (Agogius, Bishop of Tripolis (on the Maeander)): Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. Back to Row 79
Note 80 (Antiochus, Bishop of Aureliopolis (Tmolos)): Appears in a Gk. variant. This entry is highly doubtful and likely a 'doublet' or textual confusion with the other Antiochus from Lydia. Back to Row 80
Note 81 (Antiochus, Bishop of Hierokaisareia): Appears in a Gk. variant. As with the other Antiochus of Lydia, this is likely a textual error or conflation and is excluded from most critical lists. Back to Row 81
Note 82 (Artemidorus, Bishop of Sardis): Metropolitan of the province. Back to Row 82
Note 84 (Florentius, Bishop of Ancyra Sidera): Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. Back to Row 84
Note 85 (Hetoemasius, Bishop of Philadelphia): Excluded. This is a spurious entry (nomen spurium). The strongly attested bishop for this see is Cyrus (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Syr. 3). 'Hetoemasius' is a textual corruption found in a non-primary manuscript tradition. Back to Row 85
Note 86 (Marcus, Bishop of Silandus): Attestation is strong, appearing in multiple independent primary traditions (Syriac and Latin). Its absence from the primary Greek list (Gk. 1) is considered a copyist's omission. Back to Row 86
Note 87 (Mark, Bishop of Standus): Excluded. This is a recognized orthographic corruption. The correct entry is Marcus of Silandus (cf. Gelzer Gk. variant). 'Mark' is a common variant of 'Marcus', and 'Standus' is a known scribal error for 'Silandus'. Back to Row 87
Note 88 (Pollio, Bishop of Perperene): Attested strongly in both the Syriac (Syr. 3) and key Latin (Lat. 17) traditions. Though absent from Gelzer's Gk. 1, its presence in independent lists confirms its high probability. Back to Row 88
Note 89 (Pollion, Bishop of Baris): Excluded. This is a clear 'conflation' error. The see Baris (attested bishop Heraclius) was in the province of Pisidia, not Lydia (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Syr. 3). The name Pollio is correctly attested in Lydia, but for the see of Perperene (cf. Gelzer Gk. variant). This entry erroneously combines the name from one see with the city of another. Back to Row 89
Note 90 (Seras, Bishop of Thyatira): Greek manuscript variants referenced in Migne's Patrologia Graeca list the name "Soron" for this name. Back to Row 90
Note 91 (Eugenius, Bishop of Eucarpia): Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. Back to Row 91
Note 92 (Flaccus, Bishop of Hierapolis): Excluded. This is a spurious entry. The strongly attested bishop for this see is Philippus (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Syr. 3). 'Flaccus' is a textual corruption from a non-primary manuscript. Back to Row 92
Note 93 (Flaccus, Bishop of Sanaos): Appears in Gelzer (Gk. 1), but the see is obscure and the attestation is not supported by other traditions, making it a doubtful inclusion. Back to Row 93
Note 94 (Marcellinus, Bishop of Eumeneia): The name is recorded as 'Marcellinus' based on the strong Latin tradition (attested by Mansi and Gelzer's Latin lists). The primary Greek list (Gk. 1) incorrectly records the name as 'Eugenius', which is widely considered a probable scribal error (conflation) with Eugenius of Eucarpia. Back to Row 94
Note 95 (Nunechius, Bishop of Laodicea): Metropolitan of the province. Back to Row 95
Note 97 (Paulus, Bishop of Apamea Cibotus): A Novatianist bishop, theologically aligned with the Pro-Nicene stance but part of a schismatic group. Back to Row 97
Note 99 (Pisticus, Bishop of Aezanoi): Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. Back to Row 99
Note 101 (Athenodorus, Bishop of Dorylaeum): Excluded. This is a textual variant (variatio lectionis). The strongly attested bishop for this see is Ablabius (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Syr. 3). Back to Row 101
Note 102 (Atticus, Bishop of Synnada): Metropolitan of the province. Back to Row 102
Note 103 (Orion, Bishop of Cidyessus): Not to be confused with Orion of Ilium. Back to Row 103
Note 106 (Procopius, Bishop of Synnada): Excluded. This is a spurious variant (variatio lectionis). The critically accepted Metropolitan for this see is Atticus, who is strongly attested by all major manuscript traditions (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3). Back to Row 106
Note 107 (Academius, Bishop of Pappa): Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. Back to Row 107
Note 108 (Apagamus, Bishop of Limenai): Appears in Gelzer (Gk. 1), but this is a very obscure see and name, often considered a probable textual corruption in the Gk. 1 manuscript tradition. Back to Row 108
Note 111 (Eulalius, Bishop of Iconium): Metropolitan of the province. Back to Row 111
Note 114 (Granius, Bishop of Limenae): Excluded. This is a variant reading for an already highly doubtful entry. The primary Greek list (Gelzer Gk. 1) attests Apagamus for this obscure see, an entry which is itself widely rejected by scholars (like Honigmann) as a textual corruption. 'Granius' is another variant of this spurious name. Back to Row 114
Note 119 (Polycarp, Bishop of Metropolis): Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1). Distinct from Metropolis in Isauria. Back to Row 119
Note 122 (Tarsicius, Bishop of Apamea): Excluded. This is a textual variant (variatio lectionis). The critically accepted bishop for this see (Apamea Cibotus, often listed under Phrygia) is Paulus, who is attested in the primary Greek list (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1). Back to Row 122
Note 123 (Telemachus, Bishop of Hadrianopolis): Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. Back to Row 123
Note 124 (Uranion, Bishop of Selge): Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. Back to Row 124
Note 125 (Protogenes, Bishop of Serdica): A staunch anti-Arian. Back to Row 125
Note 126 (Dacus, Bishop of Scupi): The professor's list confusingly names the see 'Macedonia', but historical records and Gelzer's lists confirm the entry as Dacus, Bishop of Scupi, the capital of Dardania (Result 2.1). Back to Row 126
Note 128 (Leontius, Bishop of Lugdunum): Another name mentioned among the bishops who attended from the West. Back to Row 128
Note 129 (Nicasius, Bishop of Divio): Attestation is primarily from Latin sources; his name is absent from most early Greek lists. Back to Row 129
Note 130 (Nicasius, Bishop of Dinia): A key representative from the Gallic churches. Attested in multiple primary Latin traditions (Lat. 2, Lat. 17), meeting the criteria for 'Probable'. His absence from Gk. 1 is expected for a Western bishop. Back to Row 130
Note 131 (Florentius, Bishop of Hispalis): Mentioned in some Latin sources as having attended from Spain along with Hosius. Back to Row 131
Note 132 (Hosius, Bishop of Corduba): Advisor to Emperor Constantine and President of the Council. Back to Row 132
Note 133 (Eustorgius, Bishop of Mediolanum): His attendance is supported by strong tradition, though his name is absent from some early lists. Back to Row 133
Note 134 (Marcus, Bishop of Calabria): Representing the Greek-speaking churches of Southern Italy. Back to Row 134
Note 135 (Cornelius, Bishop of Rome of Rome): Excluded. This is an anachronistic error. Pope Cornelius was Bishop of Rome much earlier (c. 251–253 AD) and died approximately 72 years before the Council of Nicaea. Back to Row 135
Note 136 (Dionysius, Bishop of Rome of Rome): Excluded. This is an anachronistic error. Pope Dionysius reigned c. 259–268 AD and died more than 50 years before the Council of Nicaea. Back to Row 136
Note 137 (Fabianus, Bishop of Rome of Rome): Excluded. This is an anachronistic error. Pope Fabianus (Fabian) was martyred in 250 AD, 75 years before the Council of Nicaea. Back to Row 137
Note 138 (Hadrian, Pope of Rome of Rome): Excluded. This is a significant anachronistic error. Pope Adrian I (c. 772–795 AD) lived centuries after the First Council of Nicaea (325 AD) and was the pope associated with the Second Council of Nicaea (787 AD). This is a common confusion between the two councils. Back to Row 138
Note 139 (Miltiades, Bishop of Rome): Excluded. This is a significant anachronistic error. Miltiades (or Melchiades) was the Bishop of Rome, but he died in 314 AD, 11 years before the Council of Nicaea (325 AD). The correct bishop at the time of the council was Sylvester I (represented by Vitus and Vincentius). This entry likely results from confusion with the earlier Lateran Council (313 AD), which Miltiades did preside over to address Donatism. Back to Row 139
Note 140 (Vincentius, Presbyter of Rome): Representing Pope Sylvester I. Back to Row 140
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Note 141 (Vitus, Presbyter of Rome): Representing Pope Sylvester I. The proper Latin name is Vitus. The variant 'Vito' likely originates from the dative/ablative case endings in Latin manuscript records, or later scribal modernization to the Italian form. Greek lists transliterate the name as Βίτος (Bitos). Back to Row 141
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Note 142 (Ianuarius, Bishop of Aquileia): His name appears in some Latin manuscripts, but his attendance is considered doubtful. Back to Row 142
Note 143 (Festus, Bishop of Stategis): Although the name Festus, bishop of Achaia, appears in an obscure Latin variant list of Nicene participants, there is no primary evidence confirming his attendance at the First Council of Nicaea. Back to Row 143
Note 144 (Marcus, Bishop of Boiai): Attestation is weak, appearing only in a secondary Latin variant list and notably absent from the primary manuscript traditions (e.g., Gk. 1, Syr. 3). Following the established methodology, an entry attested only in a 'variant' list is classified as 'Low' probability. Back to Row 144
Note 146 (Apollodorus, Bishop of Corcyra (Kerkyra)): Attested in the separate Latin manuscript tradition (Gelzer Lat. 17). Although the Latin list grouped him under Italy, he has been moved here to reflect the correct administrative province (Epirus Vetus) within the Diocese of Macedoniae as of 325 AD. Back to Row 146
Note 147 (Alexander, Bishop of Thessalonica): Metropolitan of the province. An important ally of Alexander of Alexandria. Back to Row 147
Note 149 (Chionius, Bishop of Thebae Phthiotides): Attestation is weak, appearing only in a secondary Greek variant list and absent from the primary Gk. 1 tradition or other independent lists (Lat., Syr.). Following the established methodology, an entry attested only in a 'variant' list is classified as 'Low' probability. Back to Row 149
Note 151 (Eustathius, Bishop of ): Highly Disputed. Appears in some Latin manuscripts... Back to Row 151
Note 152 (Exaeretius, Bishop of Gerasa): The authentic bishop of Gerasa listed in the Patrum Nicaenorum nomina is Exaeretius. The name “Silvanus, Bishop of Gerasa” found in some later copies is a spurious variant, likely arising from a scribal confusion with another bishop named Silvanus from a different see. Back to Row 152
Note 155 (Nikomakhos, Bishop of Bostra): Name variant: Hesychius. Metropolitan of the province. Back to Row 155
Note 156 (Severus, Bishop of Sodoma): Sodoma = Soada = Dionysias. The Greek lists (Gk. 1) record his see as Sodoma. The Syriac tradition (Syr. 3) records his see as Soada (also known as Dionysias). It is overwhelmingly accepted that same entries refer to the same person. Back to Row 156
Note 157 (Silvanus, Bishop of Gerasa): This is a spurious variant. The strongly attested bishop for this see is Exaeretius (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1). 'Silvanus' is likely a scribal conflation with another bishop of the same name from the Dioecesis Orientis. Back to Row 157
Note 158 (Sopater, Bishop of Errhe of Batanea): This entry is a textual corruption of the see, not the bishop. The bishop's name, 'Sopater' (or 'Sopatros'), is correctly attested for this province (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Syr. 3), but his actual see was Adraa. 'Batanea' is likely a scribal error, substituting the regional name for the specific city. Back to Row 158
Note 159 (Sopatros, Bishop of Adraa): Attested as 'Sopatros' (Gk. 1, Syr. 3); 'Sopater' is a common orthographic variant. The see is Adraa. The variant sees 'Beretanis' or 'Errhe of Batanea' (found in other MSS) are textual corruptions of Adraa. Back to Row 159
Note 161 (Eudaemon, Chorepiscopus of Cilicia): Appears in some variant lists without a see. Like other 'chorepiscopus' entries, likely a marginal gloss, not a formal delegate. Back to Row 161
Note 163 (Hesychius, Bishop of Zephyrium): Appears in a minority of Greek manuscript variants... Back to Row 163
Note 164 (Macedonius, Bishop of Mopsuestia): Mistakenly listed as bishop of Coropissus in Syriac tradition. Back to Row 164
Note 165 (Marinus, Bishop of Castabala): Attested in the primary Greek list (Gelzer Gk. 1). The variant name 'Moses' for this see is a spurious textual corruption Back to Row 165
Note 166 (Maximinus, Bishop of Anazarbus): Metropolitan of the province. Back to Row 166
Note 167 (Moses, Bishop of Castabala): Excluded. This is a textual variant (variatio lectionis). The critically accepted bishop, attested by the primary source (Gelzer Gk. 1), is Marinus. (Note: The 'Cilicia Prima' designation is anachronistic, as the province was undivided in 325 AD). Back to Row 167
Note 168 (Narcissus, Bishop of Irenopolis): Irenopolis = Neronias Back to Row 168
Note 169 (Nicetas, Bishop of Flavias): Attended from the see of Flavias (Flaviopolis). Back to Row 169
Note 170 (Paulinus, Bishop of Adana): Bishop of the major metropolitan city of Adana. Back to Row 170
Note 171 (Paulus, Bishop of Aegae): Strongly attested by both Greek (Gk. 1) and Syriac (Syr. 3) traditions. The variant name 'Tarcodimantus' sometimes associated with this see is a textual conflation; Tarcodimantus is correctly attested for the see of 'Augusta' in the same province. Back to Row 171
Note 172 (Sophronius, Bishop of Pompeiopolis): Not to be confused with Philadelphus of Pompeiopolis in Paphlagonia. Back to Row 172
Note 173 (Tarcodimantus, Bishop of Augusta): Attested in the primary Greek list (Gelzer Gk. 1). This is the correct see for this bishop. The spurious entry 'Tarcondimantus of Aegae' is a known textual conflation, confusing this bishop with the see of 'Paulus of Aegae'. Back to Row 173
Note 174 (Tarcondimantus, Bishop of Aegae): Excluded. This is a spurious entry, a clear 'conflation' error (variatio lectionis). The strongly attested bishop for Aegae is Paulus (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Syr. 3). The name 'Tarcodimantus' is correctly attested in the same province but for the see of Augusta (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1). Back to Row 174
Note 175 (Theodore, Bishop of Mopsuestia): Excluded. This is a significant anachronistic error. Theodore of Mopsuestia (born c. 350 AD, died 428 AD) was a prominent theologian but lived after the First Council of Nicaea (325 AD). Back to Row 175
Note 176 (Theodorus, Bishop of Tarsus): Metropolitan of the province. Back to Row 176
Note 178 (Gelasius, Bishop of Salamis): Name variant: Gelasinus. Metropolitan of the province. Back to Row 178
Note 179 (Spyridon, Bishop of Trimithus): A famous ascetic and wonderworker. Back to Row 179
Note 180 (Tryphillius, Bishop of Ledra): Excluded. Saint Tryphillius of Ledra was a known 4th-century bishop but is not attested in the primary critical recensions (e.g., Gelzer) of the Nicaea 325 attendees. His inclusion in some lists is a later, anachronistic tradition. Back to Row 180
Note 181 (Aedesius, Bishop of Claudiopolis): Excluded. This is a spurious variant (variatio lectionis). The critically accepted bishop for this see, attested in the primary Greek list (Gelzer Gk. 1), is Callistratus. Back to Row 181
Note 183 (Anatolius, Bishop of (Unknown See)): Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). It appears in some variant manuscript traditions without an associated see. Following the critical methodology of Honigmann (1942), such 'see-less' names are rejected as probable scribal errors or marginal glosses. Back to Row 183
Note 184 (Antonius, Bishop of Antiochia ad Cragum): Attestation is primarily from Latin sources. Back to Row 184
Note 185 (Aquilas, Bishop of (Unknown See)): Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). It appears in some variant manuscript traditions without an associated see. Following the critical methodology of Honigmann (1942), such 'see-less' names are rejected as probable scribal errors or marginal glosses. Back to Row 185
Note 186 (Athenaeus, Bishop of Koropissos): Appears in Gelzer (Gk. 1), but this Isaurian see is often considered a variant or corruption of another name/see in the list. Back to Row 186
Note 188 (Cyril, Bishop of Humanada): Excluded. This is a textual variant (variatio lectionis). The accepted bishop for this see (Homonada / Humanada) is Tyrannus, who is attested in the Syriac tradition (Gelzer Syr. 4). Back to Row 188
Note 189 (Cyrion, Bishop of Olba): Attestation is primarily from Coptic sources. Back to Row 189
Note 190 (Eusebius, Bishop of Iotape): Attestation is primarily from Coptic sources. Back to Row 190
Note 191 (Faustus, Bishop of Panemotichus): Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. Back to Row 191
Note 192 (Gordianus, Bishop of (Unknown See)): Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). It appears in some variant manuscript traditions without an associated see. Following the critical methodology of Honigmann (1942), such 'see-less' names are rejected as probable scribal errors or marginal glosses. Back to Row 192
Note 193 (Hesychius, Bishop of (Unknown See)): Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). Following Honigmann (1942), such 'see-less' names are rejected as probable scribal errors. It may also be a confused 'doublet' of the actual attested bishop Hesychius of Lystra (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1) from the same province. Back to Row 193
Note 194 (Hesychius, Bishop of Lystra): Name variant: Paulus. Back to Row 194
Note 196 (Paul, Bishop of Laranda): Excluded. This is a spurious variant (variatio lectionis). The strongly attested bishop for this see is Silvanus (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Syr. 4). Back to Row 196
Note 197 (Quintus, Bishop of (Unknown See)): Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). It appears in some variant manuscript traditions without an associated see. Following the critical methodology of Honigmann (1942), such 'see-less' names are rejected as probable scribal errors or marginal glosses. Back to Row 197
Note 198 (Silvanus, Bishop of Laranda): Name variant: Abenneus (in Syriac). Back to Row 198
Note 199 (Silvanus, Bishop of Metropolis (Isauria)): Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1). Distinct from Metropolis in Pisidia. Back to Row 199
Note 200 (Stephanus, Bishop of Baratta): Appears in Gelzer (Gk. 1). This is another obscure Isaurian see whose attestation is considered weak and likely a manuscript error. Back to Row 200
Note 202 (Theodorus, Bishop of Vasada): Attestation is primarily from Latin sources. Back to Row 202
Note 203 (Tiberius, Bishop of Ilistra): Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). Neither this bishop nor the see 'Ilistra' is attested in any of the primary critical sources or manuscript traditions (cf. Gelzer, Honigmann) for Nicaea (325). Back to Row 203
Note 204 (Tyrannus, Bishop of Homonada): Attestation is primarily from Syriac sources. Back to Row 204
Note 205 (Antiochus, Bishop of Resaina): Attestation is primarily from Syriac sources, consistent with other bishops from the region. Back to Row 205
Note 206 (Basilius, Bishop of Amida): The Greek name is Basilius; the Syriac name is Shimon. Back to Row 206
Note 207 (Jacob, Bishop of Nisibis): A highly revered ascetic and saint. Back to Row 207
Note 209 (Absalom, Bishop of Batnae): Attestation is primarily from Syriac sources. Back to Row 209
Note 210 (Eulogius, Bishop of Edessa): The Greek name is Eulogius; the Syriac name is Aithallah. Back to Row 210
Note 211 (Hypatius, Bishop of Tella): A famous ascetic. Back to Row 211
Note 212 (Mara, Bishop of Macedonopolis): Attestation is primarily from Syriac sources. Back to Row 212
Note 215 (Asclepias, Bishop of Gaza): The authentic Nicene bishop of Gaza is Asclepias (Asclepiades). The name “Silvanus, Bishop of Gaza” appears in some later sources but is anachronistic and derives from confusion with the earlier martyr Silvanus of Gaza, who died before the Council of Nicaea. Back to Row 215
Note 217 (Eusebius, Bishop of Caesarea): The famous church historian and leading moderate at Nicaea. He presented his local (Caesarean) creed as a potential compromise text, which became the structural basis for the final (modified) Nicene Creed. Back to Row 217
Note 218 (Gaianus, Bishop of Sebaste): This name is a known textual variant (variatio lectionis) for the strongly attested bishop of this see, 'Marinus' (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Syr. 3). 'Gaianus' likely originates from a 'doublet' error in a non-primary manuscript, where both names were erroneously listed for the same bishopric. Back to Row 218
Note 223 (Macarius, Bishop of Aelia Capitolina): A staunch Pro-Nicene advocate and a key theological opponent to his own Metropolitan, Eusebius of Caesarea. He received special honors from Emperor Constantine regarding the Holy Sepulchre. Back to Row 223
Note 224 (Macrinus, Bishop of Jamnia): This is a known anachronistic error. The strongly attested bishop for this see at Nicaea (325) is 'Petrus' (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1). Macrinus of Jamnea is attested at the later Council of Seleucia (359 AD). Back to Row 224
Note 225 (Marinus, Bishop of Diocaesarea): One of two bishops named Marinus from this province. Back to Row 225
Note 226 (Marinus, Bishop of Sebaste): One of two bishops named Marinus from this province. The name 'Gaianus' for this same see is a known textual variant (variatio lectionis) found in some unreliable manuscripts, likely a 'doublet' error, and is rejected by critical editions. Back to Row 226
Note 228 (Patrophilus, Bishop of Scythopolis): A prominent Arian sympathizer after the council. Back to Row 228
Note 230 (Petrus, Bishop of Aila): Attended from the southern port city on the Red Sea. Distinct from the other three bishops named Petrus from this province. Back to Row 230
Note 231 (Petrus, Bishop of Ascalon): One of three bishops named Petrus from this province. Back to Row 231
Note 232 (Petrus, Bishop of Jamnia): One of three bishops named Petrus from this province. The variant 'Macrinus' for this see is a known anachronistic error; Macrinus of Jamnea attended the later Council of Seleucia (359 AD), not Nicaea. Back to Row 232
Note 233 (Petrus, Bishop of Nicopolis): One of three bishops named Petrus from this province. Back to Row 233
Note 234 (Philocalus, Bishop of Ptolemais): Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium) resulting from a known scribal error. This entry conflates two different, legitimate bishops from the province of Phoenicia who are listed consecutively in the primary sources (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1): Philocalus of Paneas and Aeneas of Ptolemais. The authentic bishop for the see of Ptolemais is Aeneas in Phoenica. Back to Row 234
Note 235 (Sabinus, Bishop of Gadara): Bishop from the prominent Decapolis city of Gadara. Back to Row 235
Note 236 (Silvanus, Bishop of Gaza): This is a widely recognized anachronistic error found in some traditions (e.g., Syr. 3). It confuses the correct bishop, Asclepias, with the earlier martyr Silvanus of Gaza (d. c. 311 AD). Back to Row 236
Note 238 (Aeneas, Bishop of Ptolemais): The authentic Nicene bishop of Ptolemais in Phoenice is Aeneas. Some later copies erroneously list Philocalus of Ptolemais, likely a scribal confusion with Philocalus of Paneas. Ptolemais belonged to the province of Phoenice, not Palaestina Prima. Back to Row 238
Note 240 (Eustathius, Bishop of Aradus): Not to be confused with Eustathius of Antioch. Back to Row 240
Note 247 (Paulinus, Bishop of Tyrus): Name variant: Zeno. Metropolitan of the province. Back to Row 247
Note 248 (Philocalus, Bishop of Paneas): The authentic Nicene bishop of Paneas is Philocalus. Some later sources list Marinus, but this is a spurious variant arising from confusion in later Syriac or Arabic copies of the episcopal lists. Back to Row 248
Note 250 (Thalassius, Bishop of Alala): The exact location of this see is debated (sometimes placed in Syria Coele), but its inclusion in the Phoenician list is a valid interpretation of the source lists. Back to Row 250
Note 252 (Aedesius, Bishop of (Unknown See)): Excluded. This is a classic example of a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). The entry is attested in a primary Syriac list (Syr. 3), but its "See" ('Coele') is not a city; it is the name of the province (Syria Coele). Following the critical methodology of Honigmann (1942), such "see-less" bishops are rejected as scribal errors. This entry is likely a confused 'doublet' (ikileme) of another bishop (perhaps Aethilas of Edessa) or simply a textual corruption where the province name was mistaken for a see. No credible independent source (e.g., Gk. 1, Sozomenus) confirms a bishop of this name for a non-existent see. Back to Row 252
Note 253 (Alphius, Bishop of Apamea): Name variant: Alphonsus. Back to Row 253
Note 254 (Anatolius, Bishop of Beroea): His name appears in the Syriac attendee lists included in the major historical chronicle written by Michael the Syrian, a 12th-century patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church. This is a primary source for the Syriac tradition. Back to Row 254
Note 260 (Bassus, Bishop of Gabula): This entry's certainty is only 'Probable' as it appears in the Greek list (Gk. 1) but is absent from the local Syriac list (Syr. 3). It is the scholarly consensus (cf. Honigmann) that this is a scribal/textual corruption of 'Bassus of Zeugma'.. Back to Row 260
Note 261 (Bassus, Bishop of Zeugma): This entry is 'Highly Probable' as it is strongly attested in multiple independent lists, including both the Greek (Gk. 1) and the crucial regional Syriac list (Syr. 3). The 'Bassus of Gabula' entry (see above) is almost certainly a copyist's error for this one, especially since ecclesiastical law forbade one bishop from holding two sees (cities) simultaneously. Back to Row 261
Note 263 (Ethmasius, Bishop of Cyrrhus): Attested in the primary Greek list (Gelzer Gk. 1). The name 'Syricius' for this see, found in some non-primary manuscripts, is considered a spurious textual variant (likely a scribal substitution for this rare name) and is excluded. Back to Row 263
Note 264 (Euphratius, Bishop of Balanea): This is a recognized textual variant (variatio lectionis). The critically accepted bishop for this see, attested in the primary Greek list (Gelzer Gk. 1), is Eusebius. Back to Row 264
Note 266 (Eustathius, Archbishop of Antioch): Leader of the Pro-Nicene party. Metropolitan of the Diocese. The separate entry 'Eustathius of Arethusa' found in some variant lists is a spurious 'doublet' error referring to this bishop. Back to Row 266
Note 267 (Eustathius, Bishop of Arethusa): This is a classic 'doublet' error or textual corruption found in some non-primary manuscripts. It is a spurious entry for the historically confirmed Metropolitan, Eustathius of Antioch, who is listed from the same province. Back to Row 267
Note 270 (Manicius, Bishop of Epiphania): A former Arian sympathizer who changed his stance. Back to Row 270
Note 272 (Paladius, Chorepiscopus of Syria): Appears in some variant lists without a see. Like Theodotus and Seleucus, likely a marginal gloss or scribal error, not a formal delegate. Back to Row 272
Note 273 (Paulus, Bishop of Neocaesarea): Not to be confused with Neocaesarea in Pontus. Had suffered persecution. Back to Row 273
Note 274 (Pegasius, Bishop of Harba-Kedem): This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). Neither this bishop nor the see 'Harba-Kedem' is attested in any of the primary critical sources or manuscript traditions (cf. Gelzer, Honigmann). Back to Row 274
Note 276 (Phaedon, Bishop of Samosata): Name variant: Phedon. Samosata was a historically important city on the Euphrates. Back to Row 276
Note 278 (Piperius, Bishop of Samosata): This is a recognized textual corruption (variatio lectionis). The critically accepted bishop for this see is Phaedon (or Phedon), who is strongly attested by primary sources (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Syr. 3). Back to Row 278
Note 280 (Seleucus, Chorepiscopus of Syria): Appears in some variant lists without a see. See notes for Paladius and Theodotus. Back to Row 280
Note 281 (Syricius, Bishop of Cyrrhus): This is a textual variant (variatio lectionis) for the critically accepted bishop of this see, Ethmasius (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1). 'Syricius' is likely a scribal substitution, where the rare name 'Ethmasius' was replaced with a more common one. Back to Row 281
Note 283 (Theodotus, Chorepiscopus of Syria): Appears only in a few Greek manuscript variants of the Nicene participant lists (Gelzer, Patr. Nic. Nomina, p. 58). Absent from all principal Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Armenian traditions. Likely a marginal gloss mistaken for a name, possibly inspired by Canon 10’s discussion of rural bishops (chorepiscopi). Back to Row 283
Note 284 (Zenobius, Bishop of Seleucia Pieria): This is a recognized textual variant (variatio lectionis) for the strongly attested bishop of this see, Zoilus (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1). 'Zenobius' is considered a scribal error or substitution, likely due to the phonetic similarity of the two distinct names. Back to Row 284
Note 285 (Zoilus, Bishop of Seleucia Pieria): The name Zenobius is a known textual variant (variatio lectionis) found in other, less reliable manuscripts. Given the orthographic similarity, 'Zenobius' is widely considered a scribal corruption of 'Zoilus' and is rejected by modern critical editions (e.g., Honigmann). Back to Row 285
Note 286 (Domnus, Bishop of Sirmium): Attested in Latin lists as 'Domnus of Pannonia'. Crucially, his participation and orthodox (Nicene) stance are externally confirmed by Athanasius, who lists him among those later deposed by Arians. The "Domnus of Stridon" entry is a known ghost entry/scribal error. Back to Row 286
Note 290 (Eudromius, Bishop of (Unknown See)): Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). It appears in some variant manuscript traditions without an associated see. Following the critical methodology of Honigmann (1942), such 'see-less' names are rejected as probable scribal errors or marginal glosses mistaken for attendees. Back to Row 290
Note 291 (Eulalius, Bishop of Sebasteia): Name variant: Eustathius Back to Row 291
Note 293 (Meletius, Bishop of (Unknown See)): Excluded. This is a spurious entry (nomen spurium), resulting from a significant historical conflation. The only attendee with this name definitively attested at Nicaea (325) is Melitius of Lycopolis (in Egypt), the leader of the Meletian Schism (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3). The "Pontus" association is an anachronistic error, confusing the 325 attendee with the later, 4th-century Meletius of Antioch (d. 381), who was born in Armenia Minor (part of the Dioecesis Pontica) and famously presided over the Second Ecumenical Council (Constantinople I, 381 AD). Back to Row 293
Note 294 (Theophanes, Bishop of (Unknown See)): Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). It appears in some variant manuscript traditions without an associated see. Following the critical methodology of Honigmann (1942), such 'see-less' names are rejected as probable scribal errors or marginal glosses mistaken for attendees. Back to Row 294
Note 295 (Alexander, Bishop of Prusa): Michael the Syrian's chronicle, a key source for Eastern traditions, includes a Bishop Alexander of Prusa in its version of the attendee list. He is absent from most Greek/Latin lists. Back to Row 295
Note 296 (Cyrion, Bishop of Cius): Excluded. This is a textual variant (variatio lectionis). The strongly attested bishop for this see, confirmed by both Greek and Syriac traditions, is Hesychius (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Syr. 3). Back to Row 296
Note 297 (Euethius, Bishop of Hadrianeia): Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. Back to Row 297
Note 298 (Eulalius, Bishop of (Unknown See)): Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). It appears in some variant manuscript traditions without an associated see. Following the critical methodology of Honigmann (1942), such 'see-less' names are rejected as probable scribal errors or marginal glosses. Back to Row 298
Note 299 (Eulalius, Bishop of Apamea Myrlea): Name variant: Rufinus. Back to Row 299
Note 300 (Eusebius, Bishop of Nicomedia): Leader of the Eusebian faction, a key supporter of Arius. Back to Row 300
Note 301 (George, Bishop of Prusias ad Hypium): Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. Back to Row 301
Note 302 (Gorgonius, Bishop of Apollonias): Excluded. This entry misrepresents the attested role. Gorgonius is correctly attested in the primary lists (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Lat. 2) for Bithynia, but as a Chorepiscopus (rural bishop) without a specific city see, not as the Bishop of Apollonias. Back to Row 302
Note 303 (Gorgonius, Chorepiscopus of Bithynia): A "country bishop" without a specific city see. Back to Row 303
Note 304 (Hesychius, Bishop of Cius): The city was later renamed Prusias ad Mare. Back to Row 304
Note 305 (Hesychius, Bishop of Prusa): Excluded. This is a textual variant, likely a scribal 'conflation' error. The bishop attested for this see in the Syriac tradition is Alexander (cf. Michael the Syrian). The name 'Hesychius' is correctly attested for the neighboring see of Cius (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1). Back to Row 305
Note 307 (Rufus, Bishop of Kaisareia (Germanica)): Appears in Gelzer (Gk. 1), but this is often considered a confusion with Rufus of Caesarea in Palestine or another bishop. Excluded as doubtful. Back to Row 307
Note 308 (Theognis, Bishop of Nicaea): Bishop of the host city. Back to Row 308
Note 309 (Theophanes, Bishop of (Unknown See)): Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). It appears in some variant manuscript traditions without an associated see. Following the critical methodology of Honigmann (1942), such 'see-less' names are rejected as probable scribal errors or marginal glosses. Back to Row 309
Note 311 (Ambrosius, Bishop of Comana): Excluded. This is a spurious entry (variatio lectionis). The critically accepted bishop for this see, attested by the primary Greek manuscript (Gelzer Gk. 1), is Elpidius. 'Ambrosius' is likely a scribal substitution from a less reliable manuscript tradition. Back to Row 311
Note 312 (Elpidius, Bishop of Comana): Attested in the primary Greek list (Gelzer Gk. 1). The name 'Ambrosius', found in some non-primary manuscripts for this see, is a spurious variant (likely a scribal substitution) and is excluded. Back to Row 312
Note 314 (Eupsychius, Bishop of Tyana): Excluded. This is a common orthographic variant (variatio lectionis) for the strongly attested bishop of this see, Eutychius (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Syr. 3), due to the close phonetic and visual similarity of the names. Back to Row 314
Note 315 (Eutychius, Bishop of Tyana): Strongly attested by both Greek (Gk. 1) and Syriac (Syr. 3) traditions. The name 'Eupsychius' is a minor orthographic variant found in some manuscripts and is excluded as a separate entry Back to Row 315
Note 316 (Leontius, Bishop of Caesarea): Metropolitan of the province. Back to Row 316
Note 317 (Rhodon, Bishop of (Unknown See)): Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). It appears in some variant manuscript traditions without an associated see. Following the critical methodology of Honigmann (1942), such 'see-less' names are rejected as probable scribal errors or marginal glosses mistaken for attendees. Back to Row 317
Note 318 (Stephen, Bishop of (Unknown See)): Excluded. This is a 'ghost entry' (nomen spurium). It appears in some variant manuscript traditions (Gk./Syr. variant) without an associated see. Following the critical methodology of Honigmann (1942), such 'see-less' names are rejected as probable scribal errors or marginal glosses mistaken for attendees. Back to Row 318
Note 319 (Timothy, Bishop of Cybistra): Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. Back to Row 319
Note 321 (Dicaesius, Bishop of Tavium): Name variant: Eudaemon. Back to Row 321
Note 322 (Erechtheus, Bishop of Egdava): Attested only in the Syriac list (Gelzer Syr. 3) for an unknown see. This is a very weak attestation and is generally excluded as a 'ghost' name. Back to Row 322
Note 323 (Gorgonius, Bishop of Kinna): Attested in both Greek and Latin lists (Gelzer Gk. 1, Lat. 2). This strong cross-tradition attestation makes inclusion highly probable. Back to Row 323
Note 324 (Marcellus, Bishop of Ancyra): A staunch anti-Arian. Metropolitan of the province. Back to Row 324
Note 325 (Pancharius, Bishop of Ancyra): Excluded. This is a recognized spurious variant (variatio lectionis). The historically confirmed Metropolitan for this see is Marcellus, who is strongly attested by all major manuscript traditions (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3). Back to Row 325
Note 328 (Elpidius, Bishop of Comana): Excluded. This is a classic 'conflation' error (variatio lectionis). The bishop Elpidius is correctly attested for Comana in Cappadocia (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1). The correct bishop for this see, Comana Pontica, is Eutychius (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1). This spurious entry erroneously conflates the Cappadocian bishop with the Helenopontus see. Back to Row 328
Note 329 (Eutychianus, Bishop of Amasea): Metropolitan of the province. Province formerly named Diospontus. Back to Row 329
Note 330 (Eutychius, Bishop of Comana Pontica): Not to be confused with Comana in Cappadocia. Back to Row 330
Note 332 (Eupsychius, Bishop of Amastris): Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. Back to Row 332
Note 333 (Hypatius, Bishop of Gangra): Metropolitan of the province. Martyred after the council by Arians. Back to Row 333
Note 334 (Petronius, Bishop of Ionopolis): Attested in Gelzer's primary Greek list (Gk. 1), indicating a strong probability of attendance. Back to Row 334
Note 335 (Philadelphus, Bishop of Pompeiopolis): Not to be confused with Sophronius of Pompeiopolis in Cilicia. Back to Row 335
Note 338 (Longinus, Bishop of Neocaesarea): Metropolitan of the province. Back to Row 338
Note 339 (Alexander, Presbyter of Byzantium): According to Socrates, Sozomen, and Theodoret, Alexander, presbyter of Byzantium, represented his aged bishop Metrophanes at the Council of Nicaea. This is an explicit early narrative source rather than a list entry. Byzantium at the time formed part of the Provincia Europa within the Dioecesis Thraciarum, later becoming the see of the new capital Constantinople. Alexander is thus the historically best-attested representative of Byzantium at the Council. Back to Row 339
Note 340 (Alexius, Bishop of Bizye): Name variant: Alexander. Back to Row 340
Note 341 (Phaedrus, Bishop of Heraclea): Excluded. This is a spurious variant (variatio lectionis). The critically accepted Metropolitan for this see (Heraclea / Perinthus) is Theodorus, who is strongly attested by all major manuscript traditions (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Lat. 2, Syr. 3). Back to Row 341
Note 342 (Rufinus, Bishop of Byzantium): The name Rufinus appears only in later medieval “subscription lists” of the Nicene Fathers (Patrum Nicaenorum Nomina), where Byzantium is sometimes grouped under Bithynia and sometimes under Europa. Since these lists are secondary compilations rather than contemporary signatures, the identification of Rufinus of Byzantium must be regarded as uncertain. Geographically, Byzantium in 325 belonged to Provincia Europa within the Dioecesis Thraciarum, making “Europa” the more accurate provincial attribution, even though some manuscripts place him among the Bithynian bishops. See also Duchesne, Les évêques anciens de Byzance, Échos d’Orient 2 (1899) 145–152. Back to Row 342
Note 343 (Theodoret, Bishop of Heraclea): Excluded. This is a historical anachronism and a different person from the attendee. Theodoret of Heraclea was prominent after 325 AD. The attested attendee from this see is Theodorus, Bishop of Heraclea (Perinthus). Back to Row 343
Note 344 (Theodorus, Bishop of Heraclea (Perinthus)): Metropolitan of the province. Back to Row 344
Note 347 (Eudoxius, Bishop of Hadrianopolis): Metropolitan of the province. Name variant: Eutropius. Back to Row 347
Note 348 (Marcus, Bishop of Marcianopolis): Metropolitan of the province. Back to Row 348
Note 349 (Mark, Bishop of Tomis): Excluded. This is a spurious entry, likely a 'conflation' error. The accepted bishop for this see is Protogenes, who is attested by the 5th-century historian Theodoret. The name 'Mark' (Marcus) is correctly attested for the neighboring Moesian see of Marcianopolis (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1). Back to Row 349
Note 350 (Pistus, Bishop of Marcianopolis): Excluded. This is a recognized orthographic corruption (variatio lectionis). The strongly attested bishop for this see (Marcianopolis, sometimes listed under Moesia Prima) is Marcus (cf. Gelzer Gk. 1, Lat. 2). 'Pistus' is a common scribal error for 'Marcus'. Back to Row 350
Note 351 (Protogenes, Bishop of Tomi): Protogenes is listed in two independent primary traditions (Greek and Syriac). His attendance is also confirmed by the 5th-century historian Theodoret, who lists Protogenes as a notable Pro-Nicene attendee. Back to Row 351
Note 353 (Theodulus, Bishop of Trajanopolis): Metropolitan of the province. Back to Row 353
Note 356 (Eutychius, Bishop of Philippopolis): Name variant: Viton. Metropolitan of the province. Back to Row 356
Note 357 (Verus, Bishop of Arelate): Highly dubious. Almost certainly a confusion with the Council of Arles (314 AD)... Back to Row 357
Note 358 (Acesius, Bishop (Novatian) / Invited Participant of Byzantium): Confirmed. Acesius was not a voting delegate and thus does not appear in the primary attestation lists (e.g., Gelzer). His attendance is, however, definitively confirmed by the historian Socrates Scholasticus (Historia Ecclesiastica, Book I, Ch. 10). Socrates records that Acesius was personally summoned to the Council by Emperor Constantine. He also details the famous dialogue between Constantine and Acesius regarding the Novatian position on the 'lapsi', which confirms his presence as a non-voting invitee. Back to Row 358
Note 359 (Aristakes, Bishop of Armenia): Son of Gregory the Illuminator, representing his father as Catholicos of the Armenian Church. His participation is confirmed by external Armenian historical sources (e.g., Agathangelos & Movses Khorenatsi). The name (Arsaphius of Sophene) found in some lists is a known corruption of this entry. Back to Row 359
Note 360 (Kadmos, Bishop of Pantikapaion): Represents the Bosporan Kingdom. Back to Row 360
Note 361 (Ioannes, Bishop of Persia of Persian Gulf / India): The Greek/Latin name is Ioannes; the Syriac name is Yuhanon. Some Eastern sources, notably the Armenian tradition, specify that his see included (Great India,) suggesting a vast missionary episcopate extending beyond Persia. Back to Row 361
Note 362 (Stratophilus, Bishop of Pityunt): Represents churches in the Caucasus region. Back to Row 362
Note 363 (Theophilus, Bishop of the Goths of Area of the Gothia): Name variants: Petrus, Marcus. Represents Gothic Christians. A missionary bishop without a fixed urban see, though sometimes associated (perhaps incorrectly) with Tomi, the see held by Protogenes. Back to Row 363
